cache invalidation when the data is tricky

hey all, ive been running into some tricky situations with cache invalidation lately. when the data being cached is simple, like a single user profile, managing TTL or explicit invalidation is straightforward. but what about when the cached item depends on several other pieces of data that can change independently? for example, a dashboard view that aggregates metrics from multiple services. if one metric updates, how do you efficiently invalidate just the relevant part of the dashboard cache, or do you just flush it all and accept the load? what are your strategies for handling these more complex cache invalidation scenarios?