How do you deal with API rate limiting when traffic spikes are totally unpredictable? It's a real headache.

hi all, i'm stuck on something with our system. we have an api that handles user features, and it's usually solid. but sometimes we get huge, crazy traffic surges, often because of stuff going viral or outside events. our current rate limiting, which is just set limits per user or ip, gets overloaded. this causes 5xx errors for regular users. what are you all doing for api rate limiting when traffic is all over the place and totally unpredictable? are there ways to make it adjust automatically that work well during these surges without blocking normal users